Reliability-based fault analysis models with industrial applications: A systematic literature review

Effective and early fault detection and diagnosis techniques have tremendously enhanced over the years to ensure continuous operations of contemporary complex systems, control cost, and enhance safety in assets-intensive industries, including oil and gas, process, and power generation. The objective of this work is to understand the development of different fault detection and diagnosis methods, their applications, and benefits to the industry. This paper presents a contemporary state-of-the-art systematic literature survey focusing on a comprehensive review of the models for fault detection and their industrial applications. This study uses advanced tools from bibliometric analysis to systematically analyze over 500 peer-reviewed articles on focus areas published since 2010. We first present an exploratory analysis and identify the influential contributions to the field, authors, and countries, among other key indicators.  A network analysis is presented to unveil and visualize the clusters of the distinguishable areas using a co-citation network analysis. Later, a detailed content analysis of the top-100 most-cited papers is carried out to understand the progression of fault detection and artificial intelligence–based algorithms in different industrial applications. The findings of this paper allow us to comprehend the development of reliability-based fault analysis techniques over time, and the use of smart algorithms and their success. This work helps to make a unique contribution toward revealing the future avenues and setting up a prospective research road map for asset-intensive industry, researchers, and policymakers.     

基于并行跟踪检测框架与深度学习的目标跟踪算法

在空地协同背景下，地面目标的移动导致其在无人机视角下外观会发生较大变化，传统算法很难满足此类场景的应用要求。针对这一问题，提出基于并行跟踪和检测（PTAD）框架与深度学习的目标检测与跟踪算法。首先，将基于卷积神经网络（CNN）的目标检测算法SSD作为PTAD的检测子处理关键帧获取目标信息并提供给跟踪子；其次，检测子与跟踪子并行处理图像帧并计算检测与跟踪结果框的重叠度及跟踪结果的置信度；最后，根据跟踪子与检测子的跟踪或检测状态来判断是否对跟踪子或检测子进行更新，并对图像帧中的目标进行实时跟踪。在无人机视角下的视频序列上开展实验研究和对比分析，结果表明所提算法的性能高于PTAD框架下最优算法，而且实时性提高了13%，验证了此算法的有效性。     

WavNet — Visual saliency detection using Discrete Wavelet Convolutional Neural Network

In the recent advancements in image and video analysis, the detection of salient regions in the image becomes the initial step. This plays a crucial role in deciding the performance of such algorithms. In this work, a Multi-Resolution Feature Extraction (MRFE) technique that makes use of Discrete Wavelet Convolutional Neural Network (DWCNN) for generating features is employed. An Enhanced Feature Extraction (EFE) module extracts additional features from the high level features of the DWCNN, which are used to frame both channel as well as spatial attention models for yielding contextual attention maps. A new hybrid loss function is also proposed, which is a combination of Balanced Cross Entropy (BCE) loss and Edge based Structural Similarity (ESSIM) loss that effectively identifies and segments the salient regions with clear boundaries. The method is tested exhaustively with five different benchmark datasets and is proved superior to the existing state-of-the-art methods with a minimum Mean Absolute error (MAE) of 0.03 and F-measure of 0.956.     

Visual Detection of Adenosine Triphosphate by Taylor Rising: A Simple Point-of-Care Testing Method Based on Rolling Circle Amplification

Rapid and sensitive point-of-care testing (POCT) is an extremely critical mission in practical applications, especially for rigorous military medicine, home health care, and in the third world. Here, we report a visual POCT method for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection based on Taylor rising in the corner of quadratic geometries between two rod surfaces. We discuss the principle of Taylor rising, demonstrating that it is significantly influenced by contact angle, surface tension, and density of the sample, which are controlled by ATP-dependent rolling circle amplification (RCA). In the presence of ATP, RCA reaction effectively suppresses Taylor-rising behavior, due to the increased contact angle, density, and decreased surface tension. Without addition of ATP, untriggered RCA reaction is favorable for Taylor rising, resulting in a significant height. With this proposed method, visual sensitive detection of ATP without the aid of other instruments is realized with only a 5 μL droplet, which has good selectivity and a low detection limit (17 nM). Importantly, this visual method provides a promising POCT tool for user-friendly molecular diagnostics.     

Emotion recognition at the edge with AI specific low power architectures

Nowadays Deep Learning is applied in almost every research field and helps getting amazing results in a great number of challenging tasks. The main problem is that this kind of learning and consequently Neural Networks that can be defined deep, are resource intensive. They need specialized hardware to perform computation in a reasonable time. Many tasks are mandatory to be as much real-time as possible . It is needed to optimize many components such as code, algorithms, numeric accuracy and hardware, to make them “efficient and usable”. All these optimizations can help us to produce incredibly accurate and fast learning models. The paper reports a study in this direction for the challenging face detection and emotion recognition tasks.     

A novel robot co-worker system for paint factories without the need of existing robotic infrastructure

This paper presents a human–robot co-working system to be applied to industrial tasks such as the production line of a paint factory. The aim is to optimize the picking task with respect to manual operation in a paint factory. The use of an agile autonomous robot co-worker reduces the time in the picking process of materials, and the reduction of the exposure time to raw materials of the worker improves the human safety. Moreover, the process supervision is also improved thanks to a better traceability of the whole process. The whole system consists of a manufacturing process management system, an autonomous navigation system, and a people detection and tracking system. The localization module does not require the installation of reflectors or visual markers for robot operation, significantly simplifying the system deployment in a factory. The robot is able to respond to changing environmental conditions such as people, moving forklifts or unmapped static obstacles like pallets or boxes. The system is not tied to specific manufacturing orders. It is fully integrated with the manufacturing process management system and it can process all possible orders as long as their components are placed into the warehouse. Real experiments to validate the system have been performed in a paint factory by a real holonomic platform and a worker. The results are promising from the evaluation of performance indicators such as exposure time of the worker to raw materials, automation of the process, robust and safe navigation, and the assessment of the end-user.     

SLM printing of cermet powders: Inhomogeneity from atomic scale to microstructure

It is very challenging for 3D printing based on the selective laser melting (SLM) technology to obtain cermet bulk materials with high density and homogeneous microstructures. In this work, the SLM process of the cermet powders was studied by both simulations and experiments using the WC-Co cemented carbides as an example. The results indicated that the evolution of the ceramic and metallic phases in the cermet particle during the heating, melting and solidification processes were all significantly inhomogeneous from atomic scale to mesoscale microstructures. As a consequence, the microstructural defects were caused intrinsically in the printed bulk material. The formation and growth of the bonding necks between the particles were mainly completed at the later stage of laser heating and the early stage of solidification. Both simulations and experiments demonstrated that thin amorphous layers formed at the ceramics/metal interfaces. This work disclosed the mechanisms for the evolution from the atomic scale to microstructure during the SLM printing of cermet powders, and discovered the origin of the defects in the printed cermet bulk materials.     

An enhancement algorithm based on adaptive updating template with Gaussian model for Si3N4 ceramic bearing roller surface defects detection

The method based on machine vision image processing is used to detect the surface defects of Si₃N₄ bearing roller. Owing to the variety of defects, small area and low contrast, it is easy to miss or error detection. In this paper, an adaptive update template defect enhancement algorithm based on Gaussian model is proposed. First, a large number of surface images of Si₃N₄ bearing roller are collected to obtain the non-defect background statistical feature, and the background characteristic curve is fitted by Gaussian model. Further, the initial background template is gained according to the Gaussian curve. Then, combined with the gray distribute of defect images and initial background template, unique adaptive update template can be established. Finally, subtraction operation and nonlinear enhancement are used to improve the comparison of defect information and background. Through inverse sorting, adaptive threshold segmentation and Canny operation, the precise positioning of defects is realized. The enhancement algorithm can effectively enhance the contrast and eliminate the influence of noise. The average detection time is 0.84s, and the detection accuracy is 96.2%.